Druid SQL解析
SQL解析
!!!info 本篇主要学习Druid 对Sql的语法解析。学习完之后,我们可以对任意sql进行解析,同时也可以基于AST语法树来生成sql语句。 !!!
一、AST
AST是abstract syntax tree的缩写，也就是抽象语法树。和所有的Parser一样，Druid Parser会生成一个抽象语法树。
在Druid中，AST节点类型主要包括SQLObject、SQLExpr、SQLStatement三种抽象类型。
java
1
2interface SQLObject {}
3interface SQLExpr extends SQLObject {}
4interface SQLStatement extends SQLObject {}
5
6interface SQLTableSource extends SQLObject {}
7class SQLSelect extends SQLObject {}
8class SQLSelectQueryBlock extends SQLObject {}二、语法树解析
2.1 核心类介绍
2.1.1 SQLStatemment DQL & DML顶级抽象
- DQL 数据查询语言 select
- DML 数据操纵语言 insert update delete
最常用的Statement当然是SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE/INSERT，他们分别是
| 核心类 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| SQLSelectStatement | 查询语句 |
| SQLUpdateStatement | 更新语句 |
| SQLDeleteStatement | 删除语句 |
| SQLInsertStatement | 新增语句 |
java
1@Test
2public void statement() {
3 // 以下全部 true
4 System.out.println(SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("select * from users") instanceof SQLSelectStatement);
5System.out.println(SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("insert into users(id,name,age) values (1,'孙悟空',500)") instanceof SQLInsertStatement);
6System.out.println(SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("update users set name = '唐僧' where id = 1 ") instanceof SQLUpdateStatement);
7System.out.println(SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("delete from users where id = 1") instanceof SQLDeleteStatement);
8}2.1.2 SQLSelect SQL查询
SQLSelectStatement包含一个SQLSelect，SQLSelect包含一个SQLSelectQuery。SQLSelectQuery有主要的两个派生类， 分别是SQLSelectQueryBlock(单表sql查询)和SQLUnionQuery(union查询)。
java
1 /**
2 * SQLSelectStatement包含一个SQLSelect，SQLSelect包含一个SQLSelectQuery。SQLSelectQuery有主要的两个派生类，
3 * 分别是SQLSelectQueryBlock(单表sql查询)和SQLUnionQuery(联合查询)。
4 */
5 @Test
6 public void SQLSelectQuery() {
7 // true
8 System.out.println(parseSQLSelectQuery("select * from users") instanceof SQLSelectQueryBlock);
9// true
10 System.out.println(parseSQLSelectQuery("select name from users union select name from school") instanceof SQLUnionQuery);
11}
12
13 public SQLSelectQuery parseSQLSelectQuery(String sql) {
14 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement(sql);
15SQLSelectStatement sqlSelectStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLSelectStatement.class);
16SQLSelect select = sqlSelectStatement.getSelect();
17return select.getQuery();
18}2.1.3 SQLExpr
SQLExpr 是有几个实现类的。
sql
1select id,name,age from users where id = 1 and name = '孙悟空';
2
3select u.id, u.name from users as u where id = 1 and name = ?;| 核心类 | 举例 | 说明 | 适用范围 | 快速记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQLIdentifierExpr | id,name,age | SQLIdentifierExpr | 查询字段或者where条件 | 唯一标记 |
| SQLPropertyExpr | u.id,u.name | 区别于SQLIdentifierExpr,适用于有别名的场景; SQLPropertyExpr.name = id, SQLPropertyExpr.owner = SQLIdentifierExpr = u） | 查询字段或者where条件 | 有别名就是它 |
| SQLBinaryOpExpr | id = 1, id > 5 | SQLBinaryOpExpr(left = SQLIdentifierExpr = id ,right = SQLValuableExpr = 1) | where条件 | 有操作符就是它 |
| SQLVariantRefExpr | id = ? | 变量 | where条件 | 有变量符就是它 |
| SQLIntegerExpr | id = 1 | 数字类型 | 值类型 | - |
| SQLCharExpr | name = '孙悟空' | 字符类型 | 值类型 | - |
2.1.3.1 SQLBinaryOpExpr
java
1 /**
2 * 操作符相关: SQLBinaryOpExpr
3 */
4 @Test
5 public void SQLBinaryOpExpr() {
6 String sql = "select * from users where id > 1 and age = 18";
7SQLSelectQuery sqlSelectQuery = Utils.parseSQLSelectQuery(sql);
8SQLSelectQueryBlock selectQueryBlock = Utils.cast(sqlSelectQuery, SQLSelectQueryBlock.class);
9SQLExpr where = selectQueryBlock.getWhere();
10List<SQLObject> conditions = where.getChildren();
11// [id > 1 , age = 18] 出现了操作符所以是SQLBinaryOpExpr
12 for (SQLObject condition : conditions) {
13 SQLBinaryOpExpr conditionExpr = Utils.cast(condition, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class);
14SQLBinaryOperator operator = conditionExpr.getOperator();
15SQLIdentifierExpr conditionColumn = Utils.cast(conditionExpr.getLeft(), SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
16SQLValuableExpr conditionColumnValue = Utils.cast(conditionExpr.getRight(), SQLValuableExpr.class);
17Utils.print("条件字段:{},操作符号:{},条件值:{}", conditionColumn.getName(), operator.name, conditionColumnValue);
18}
19 }2.1.3.2 SQLVariantRefExpr
java
1 @Test
2 public void SQLVariantRefExpr() {
3 String sql = "select * from users where id = ? and name = ?";
4SQLSelectQuery sqlSelectQuery = Utils.parseSQLSelectQuery(sql);
5SQLSelectQueryBlock selectQueryBlock = Utils.cast(sqlSelectQuery, SQLSelectQueryBlock.class);
6SQLExpr where = selectQueryBlock.getWhere();
7List<SQLObject> conditions = where.getChildren();
8// [id = ?] 出现了变量符,所以要用SQLVariantRefExpr
9 for (SQLObject condition : conditions) {
10 SQLBinaryOpExpr conditionExpr = Utils.cast(condition, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class);
11SQLBinaryOperator operator = conditionExpr.getOperator();
12SQLIdentifierExpr conditionColumn = Utils.cast(conditionExpr.getLeft(), SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
13SQLVariantRefExpr conditionColumnValue = Utils.cast(conditionExpr.getRight(), SQLVariantRefExpr.class);
14int index = conditionColumnValue.getIndex();
15Utils.print("条件字段:{},操作符号:{},索引位:{}", conditionColumn.getName(), operator.name, index);
16}
17 }2.1.4 SQLTableSource
常见的SQLTableSource包括SQLExprTableSource、SQLJoinTableSource、SQLSubqueryTableSource、SQLWithSubqueryClause.Entry
|核心类|举例|说明|快速记忆| |:--|:--|:--|:--|:--| |SQLExprTableSource|select * from emp where i = 3| name = SQLIdentifierExpr = emp| 单表查询 | |SQLJoinTableSource|select * from emp e inner join org o on e.org_id = o.id| left = SQLExprTableSource(emp e),right = SQLExprTableSource(org o), condition = SQLBinaryOpExpr(e.org_id = o.id) | join 查询使用 | |SQLSubqueryTableSource|select * from (select * from temp) a|from(...)是一个SQLSubqueryTableSource|子查询语句| |SQLWithSubqueryClause| WITH RECURSIVE ancestors AS (SELECT * FROM org UNION SELECT f.* FROM org f, ancestors a WHERE f.id = a.parent_id ) SELECT * FROM ancestors; |ancestors AS (...) 是一个SQLWithSubqueryClause.Entry|with|
2.2 SQL语句解析示例
2.2.1 解析 Where
注意如果条件语句中只有一个条件,那么where就是一个 SQLBinaryOpExpr。
当条件大于2个,使用 where.getChildren()
java
1 /**
2 * 判断where要
3 * 1. 注意是SQLBinaryOpExpr(id = 1) or (u.id = 1) 需要注意是否使用了别名<br>
4 * 2. 注意如果只有一个查询添加 where本身就是一个SQLBinaryOpExpr，如果是多个就要用 where.getChildren()<br></>
5 * 如果有别名: SQLPropertyExpr(name = id , ownerName = u)<br>
6 * 如果没别名: SQLIdentifierExpr(name = id) <br></>
7 * 值对象: SQLValuableExpr
8 *
9 * @param where 条件对象
10 */
11 public static void parseWhere(SQLExpr where) {
12 if (where instanceof SQLBinaryOpExpr) {
13 parseSQLBinaryOpExpr(cast(where, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class));
14} else {
15 List<SQLObject> childrenList = where.getChildren();
16for (SQLObject sqlObject : childrenList) {
17 // 包含了 left 和 right
18 SQLBinaryOpExpr conditionBinary = cast(sqlObject, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class);
19parseSQLBinaryOpExpr(conditionBinary);
20}
21 }
22
23 }
24
25 public static void parseSQLBinaryOpExpr(SQLBinaryOpExpr conditionBinary) {
26 SQLExpr conditionExpr = conditionBinary.getLeft();
27SQLExpr conditionValueExpr = conditionBinary.getRight();
28// 左边有别名所以是SQLPropertyExpr
29 if (conditionExpr instanceof SQLPropertyExpr) {
30 SQLPropertyExpr conditionColumnExpr = cast(conditionExpr, SQLPropertyExpr.class);
31// 右边根据类型进行转换 id是SQLIntegerExpr name是SQLCharExpr
32 SQLValuableExpr conditionColumnValue = cast(conditionValueExpr, SQLValuableExpr.class);
33print("条件列名:{},条件别名:{},条件值:{}", conditionColumnExpr.getName(), conditionColumnExpr.getOwnernName(), conditionColumnValue);
34}
35 // 如果没有别名
36 if (conditionExpr instanceof SQLIdentifierExpr) {
37 SQLIdentifierExpr conditionColumnExpr = cast(conditionExpr, SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
38SQLValuableExpr conditionColumnValue = cast(conditionValueExpr, SQLValuableExpr.class);
39print("条件列名:{},条件值:{}", conditionColumnExpr.getName(), conditionColumnValue);
40}
41 }2.2.2 解析 SQLSelectItem
解析查询的列信息
java
1 /**
2 * 解析查询字段,注意是否使用了别名.u.id as userId, u.name as userName, u.age as userAge<br>
3 * userId（sqlSelectItem.getAlias）<br>
4 * 如果有别名: u.id( id = SQLPropertyExpr.getName,u = SQLPropertyExpr.getOwnernName)<br>
5 * 如果没别名: id(id = SQLIdentifierExpr.name)
6 *
7 * @param selectColumnList 查询字段
8 */
9 private void parseSQLSelectItem(List<SQLSelectItem> selectColumnList) {
10 for (SQLSelectItem sqlSelectItem : selectColumnList) {
11 // u.id as userId(selectColumnAlias)
12 String selectColumnAlias = sqlSelectItem.getAlias();
13// u.id = SQLPropertyExpr
14 SQLExpr expr = sqlSelectItem.getExpr();
15if (expr instanceof SQLPropertyExpr) {
16 SQLPropertyExpr selectColumnExpr = cast(expr, SQLPropertyExpr.class);
17print("列名:{},别名:{},表别名:{}", selectColumnExpr.getName(), selectColumnAlias, selectColumnExpr.getOwnernName());
18}
19 if (expr instanceof SQLIdentifierExpr) {
20 SQLIdentifierExpr selectColumnExpr = cast(expr, SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
21print("列名:{},别名:{}", selectColumnExpr.getName(), selectColumnAlias);
22}
23 }
24 }2.2.3 解析 SQLUpdateSetItem
java
1 @Test
2 public void SQLUpdateStatement() {
3 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("update users u set u.name = '唐僧',age = 18 where u.id = 1 ");
4SQLUpdateStatement sqlUpdateStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLUpdateStatement.class);
5List<SQLUpdateSetItem> setItems = sqlUpdateStatement.getItems();
6for (SQLUpdateSetItem setItem : setItems) {
7 SQLExpr column = setItem.getColumn();
8if (column instanceof SQLPropertyExpr) {
9 SQLPropertyExpr sqlPropertyExpr = Utils.cast(column, SQLPropertyExpr.class);
10SQLExpr value = setItem.getValue();
11Utils.print("column:{},列owner:{},value:{}", sqlPropertyExpr.getName(), sqlPropertyExpr.getOwnernName(), value);
12}
13 if (column instanceof SQLIdentifierExpr) {
14 SQLExpr value = setItem.getValue();
15Utils.print("column:{},value:{}", column, value);
16}
17 }
18 SQLExpr where = sqlUpdateStatement.getWhere();
19Utils.startParse("解析where", Utils::parseWhere, where);
20}2.2.4 解析 SQLLimit
java
1 /**
2 * 偏移量,只有2个值
3 *
4 * @param limit 限制
5 */
6 private void parseLimit(SQLLimit limit) {
7 // 偏移量
8 SQLExpr offset = limit.getOffset();
9// 便宜数量
10 SQLExpr rowCount = limit.getRowCount();
11print("偏移量:{},偏移数量:{}", offset, rowCount);
12}2.2.5 解析 SQLSelectGroupBy
java
1 @Test
2 public void groupBy() {
3 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("select name,count(1) as count from users group by name,age having count > 2");
4SQLSelectStatement selectStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLSelectStatement.class);
5SQLSelect select = selectStatement.getSelect();
6SQLSelectQueryBlock query = Utils.cast(select.getQuery(), SQLSelectQueryBlock.class);
7SQLSelectGroupByClause groupBy = query.getGroupBy();
8List<SQLExpr> items = groupBy.getItems();
9for (SQLExpr item : items) {
10 // group by name
11 // group by age
12 SQLIdentifierExpr groupByColumn = Utils.cast(item, SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
13Utils.print("group by {}", groupByColumn);
14}
15 }
162.2.6 解析 Having
java
1 @Test
2 public void having() {
3 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("select name,count(1) as count from users group by name,age having count > 2");
4SQLSelectStatement selectStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLSelectStatement.class);
5SQLSelect select = selectStatement.getSelect();
6SQLSelectQueryBlock query = Utils.cast(select.getQuery(), SQLSelectQueryBlock.class);
7SQLSelectGroupByClause groupBy = query.getGroupBy();
8SQLExpr having = groupBy.getHaving();
9// 因为只有一个条件,所以having就是SQLBinaryOpExpr
10 SQLBinaryOpExpr havingExpr = Utils.cast(having, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class);
11// 没有使用别名,所以就是SQLIdentifierExpr
12 SQLExpr left = havingExpr.getLeft();
13SQLIdentifierExpr leftExpr = Utils.cast(left, SQLIdentifierExpr.class);
14// 数字类型就是
15 SQLExpr right = havingExpr.getRight();
16SQLValuableExpr rightValue = Utils.cast(right, SQLValuableExpr.class);
17SQLBinaryOperator operator = havingExpr.getOperator();
18// left:count, operator:>,right:2
19 Utils.print("left:{}, operator:{},right:{}", leftExpr.getName(), operator.name, rightValue.getValue());
20}三、语法树生成
前面的内容如果都搞清楚了,那么我们就能对sql进行解析,通知可以修改sql解析后的语法树,同时再将修改后的语法树,重新转换成sql
3.1 修改语法树
3.1.1 增加一个条件
java
1 @Test
2 public void SQLDeleteStatement(){
3 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("delete from users where id = 1");
4SQLDeleteStatement sqlDeleteStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLDeleteStatement.class);
5sqlDeleteStatement.addCondition(SQLUtils.toSQLExpr("name = '孙悟空'"));
6// DELETE FROM users
7 // WHERE id = 1
8 // AND name = '孙悟空'
9 System.out.println(SQLUtils.toSQLString(sqlDeleteStatement));
10}3.1.2 修改一个条件值
将条件id = 1 修改成 id = 2
java
1 @Test
2 public void SQLDeleteStatement2(){
3 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement("delete from users where id = 1");
4SQLDeleteStatement sqlDeleteStatement = Utils.cast(sqlStatement, SQLDeleteStatement.class);
5SQLExpr where = sqlDeleteStatement.getWhere();
6SQLBinaryOpExpr sqlBinaryOpExpr = Utils.cast(where, SQLBinaryOpExpr.class);
7// DELETE FROM users
8 // WHERE id = 2
9 sqlBinaryOpExpr.setRight(SQLUtils.toSQLExpr("2"));
10System.out.println(SQLUtils.toSQLString(sqlDeleteStatement));
11}四、Visitor模式
访问者模式
所有的AST节点都支持Visitor模式，需要自定义遍历逻辑，可以实现相应的ASTVisitorAdapter派生类
java
1 public static class CustomerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter extends MySqlASTVisitorAdapter {
2
3 private final Map<String, SQLTableSource> ALIAS_MAP = new HashMap<String, SQLTableSource>();
4
5private final Map<String, SQLExpr> ALIAS_COLUMN_MAP = new HashMap<String, SQLExpr>();
6
7
8public boolean visit(SQLExprTableSource x) {
9 String alias = x.getAlias();
10ALIAS_MAP.put(alias, x);
11return true;
12}
13
14 @Override
15 public boolean visit(MySqlSelectQueryBlock x) {
16 List<SQLSelectItem> selectList = x.getSelectList();
17for (SQLSelectItem sqlSelectItem : selectList) {
18 String alias = sqlSelectItem.getAlias();
19SQLExpr expr = sqlSelectItem.getExpr();
20ALIAS_COLUMN_MAP.put(alias, expr);
21}
22 return true;
23}
24
25 public Map<String, SQLTableSource> getAliasMap() {
26 return ALIAS_MAP;
27}
28
29 public Map<String, SQLExpr> getAliasColumnMap() {
30 return ALIAS_COLUMN_MAP;
31}
32 }
33
34 @Test
35 public void AliasVisitor() {
36 String sql = "select u.id as userId, u.name as userName, age as userAge from users as u where u.id = 1 and u.name = '孙悟空' limit 2,10";
37// 解析SQL
38 SQLStatement sqlStatement = SQLUtils.parseSingleMysqlStatement(sql);
39CustomerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter customerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter = new CustomerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter();
40sqlStatement.accept(customerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter);
41// 表别名:{u=users}
42 System.out.println("表别名:" + customerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter.getAliasMap());
43// 列别名{userName=u.name, userId=u.id, userAge=age}
44 System.out.println("列别名" + customerMySqlASTVisitorAdapter.getAliasColumnMap());
45}